Translation and introduction by Rabbi Avi Schwartz, edited by Rabbi Dov Linzer
Rabbi Yehiel Yaakov Weinberg (1884-1966) was the last rector of the Neo-Orthdox Hildesheimer Rabbinical Seminary in Berlin. In his youth in Lithuania, he had been considered an illui, a young genius, and studied under Rav Nosson Tzvi Finkel at Yeshivat Kenesset Yisrael Slobodka. He later moved west, studying towards, but not completing, a doctorate at the University of Giessen, and becoming a leader and posek of the German Jewish community during the Nazis’ rise to power and the Second World War. After the war, he moved to Switzerland, where he lived out the remainder of his life. Rav Weinberg is characterized by deep knowledge, penetrating insight, and a commitment to the modernizing project of German Orthodoxy.
In this responsum, Rav Weinberg asks why we do not recite the standard mitzvah-blessing (“that you have sanctified us with Your mitzvoth and commanded us…”) before performing the mitzvah of mishloah manot. He connects this to a larger question – why we don’t make this blessing before interpersonal mitzvoth, such as tzedakkah? His answer gets to the core of whether the importance in our performance of mitzvoth lie in the fact that we are obeying a Divine command, or in the fact that we are doing something that is intrinsically, ethically, the right thing to do. He also addresses the different emotion and attitude the emerge from the performance of a mitzvah that is done out of a sense of duty from one that emerges from a sense of care and love for one’s fellow man. The mitzvah of mishloh manot in this reading is a mitzvah that would lose all meaning were it performed from a sense of duty, since the goal here is not some ritual performance, but to nurture and cultivate feelings of love and caring between one Jew and another.
In his closing paragraph, Rav Weinberg makes another beautiful point – that the core mitzvah of mishloah manot, giving gifts and expressing love and care – is a mitzvah that really applies at all times. It is just on Purim that we are commanded in a specific, concrete expression of this. May we all merit this Purim that our giving of mishloah manot deepen our warm and loving feelings towards our fellow Jews, and inspire us to live this mitzvah every day, throughout the coming year.
Purim Samaeich!
שו”ת שרידי אש חלק א סימן סא
לכבוד ידי”נ הרב הג’ מהר”ז רוזנגרטן ני”ו ענין ראשון: מפני מה אין מברכים על משלוח מנות תודתי נתונה לכת”ר ולרעיתו היקרה תחי’ על שקיימתם בי מצות ומשלוח מנות איש לרעהו… ובזה נ”ל לפשוט ספקם של האחרונים אם כופין על משלוח מנות כמו שכופין על הצדקה, שמשלוח מנות ע”י כפיה אינה כלום, ושאני צדקה, דהתם העני מבקש לחם להשביע רעבונו. ועוד נ”ל לחדש, שמשלוח מנות היא באמת מצוה תמידית בכל השנה, ורק בפורים נצטוינו לקיים בפועל מצוה זו כדי שנזכור בכל השנה, כדרך שאנו קורים פ’ זכור, כדי שנזכור כל השנה. וידוע מה שכתב באו”ז, שמצוה שהיא תמידית ואין לה הפסק אין מברכין עליה. | Sridei Esh 1:61A
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